The dividend allowance was only implemented in April 2016, as part of a radical shake-up it the way dividends are taxed. Prior to this date, under the tax credit system, dividends were paid to shareholders net, and multiplied by 10/9 to produce the gross dividend upon which dividend tax was levied.
Since the new rules came into play in April 2016, dividends are subject to new tax rates (basic - 7.5%, higher - 32.5% and additional - 38.1%). This has placed a significant additional tax burden on limited company owners. The one concession was the creation of a tax-free 'dividend allowance' applied to the first £5,000 of dividend income.
So, the first £5,000 of dividends are not taxed at all, but significantly, this sum still sits within the relevant tax band for overall taxation purpose.
From April 2018, the dividend allowance will be reduced from £5,000 to £2,000. How you are financially affected by the cut depends on which tax band the first £5,000 of dividends fall into. If they fall into your basic rate band, you will be £225 worse off (7.5% basic rate dividend tax x £3,000). It will cost higher-rate taxpayers £975, and additional-rate taxpayers £1,143.
Of course, should the first £5,000 of dividends fall between two tax bands, the total tax hit will vary from the above figures. If you receive a low salary, and don't have significant extra income during the tax year, the final tax hit is likely to be £225, assuming the Chancellor isn't tempted to meddle further with dividend taxation before the current implementation.
The amount you can earn before paying tax rises from £11,500 to £11,850. It's the latest step in a planned rise to £12,200 by 2020.
The thresholds at which you start paying 40% tax will rise from £45,000 to £46,350, unless you are a Scottish taxpayer (see below). The government currently plans to raise it to £50,000 by 2020.
The pension will rise in line with last September's inflation figure of 3%. For those on the full 'flat rate' pension this will add £4.80 a week, or £249.60 a year. For those who reached State Pension age before April 2016, the full Basic State Pension will rise to £125.95 a week.
This will be a welcome change for retired households struggling with rising costs, particularly given that ONS figures in December showed that retired households face faster inflation than their working counterparts.
